The city is repopulated with Christians, without thereby expel its population was Jewish and Muslim (although some Muslim religious buildings are requisitioned, in this way, the mosque becomes a church under the patronage of Santa María).
In this very early date Christian domination cults Madrid patterns: the Virgen de la Almudena, which according to tradition, an image found in the outer wall on November 9, 1085, and San Isidro Labrador, born about the year 1082 and died on November 30, 1172, patron saint of the town and great devotee of the Virgin of the Almudena.
Madrid has been consolidated as Spanish villa as a free municipality connected to the crown (property of the Crown) whose privileges are confirmed in 1123 (Letter of Award, given by Alfonso VII of León) and 1222 (it was promulgated during the reign of Alfonso VIII Castilla). This king comes under the jurisdiction of Madrid three sexmos or rural departments:
Vallecas Sexmo consisting of Vallecas, Vicálvaro, Ambróz, Coslada, Rivas Vaciamadrid, Velilla, Grills, Canillas, Hortaleza, Chamartin and Fuentelfresno Fuencarral.
Villaverde Sexmo formed by Villaverde, Getafe, Fuenlabrada, Torrejón de la Calzada, Casarrubios, Humanejos and Perales.
Aravaca Sexmo formed by Aravaca, Las Rozas, Majadahonda, Boadilla, Alcorcón, Leganés, and Carabancheles Yuso and Suso (Upper and Lower), with the exception of the castle and surrounding land, belonging to the Order of Santiago in 1206.
Thus, Madrid will have under its jurisdiction and forest lands from Madrid to the Sierra. At this time the second wall is constructed of Madrid, known as Christian wall.
During the first half of the fourteenth century increases the importance of the locality by its strategic location in the cattle trails that begin to stabilize and that connect the northern and southern sub-plateau. In fact, in the Courts of Alcalá in 1348, Alfonso XI of Castile set at twenty-four the number of cities entitled to be represented in the Cortes of Castile, and the city of Madrid is one of them, when John II reduces the number of eighteen, maintains its right to representation. Also in this period, the archbishop of Toledo and the king's private adviser, Don Gil de Albornoz, the vicariate became head, separating the ecclesiastical administration of Alcalá de Henares. In the second half of the century, the monarchs of the dynasty Trastámara (Enrique III, Juan II and Enrique IV) frequent the village for hunting. The last one has a house (in the current Santa Clara Street) which becomes during his reign in one of the usual residence of the King of Castile. Highlights the fact that Cortes of Castile met three times in the city of Madrid during this period, demonstrating the predilection of the dynasty Trastámara the city.
During the fifteenth century, the town continues to grow to around 5,000 people at the end of the century. The main milestones of this era will be the recognition of Madrid as a city with representation in parliament and the expulsion of the Jews in 1492, with subsequent destruction of the Jewish quarter of Lavapies.